Diabetes has become common in India. You probably know that 1 in 3 adults suffer from it. But are you aware that even children can have diabetes? Yes, you read that right.
As World Diabetes Day highlights the importance of diabetes awareness and prevention, it is important to understand how diabetes is affecting the younger generations.
In children, diabetes can present health challenges that affect their physical growth, academic performance, and overall quality of life.
This article explores the prevalence of diabetes in children, delving into risk factors, prevention tips, and the steps needed to cultivate a healthier future for our young people.
Understanding diabetes in children
There are two main types of diabetes that affect children: Type 1 and Type 2.
type 1 diabetes:
Also known as juvenile diabetes, type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This type cannot be prevented and usually requires lifelong insulin therapy. Type 1 diabetes usually develops in children and young adults, although it can occur at any age.
type 2 diabetes:
Type 2 diabetes, once rare in children, is now on the rise due to rising rates of childhood obesity and inactivity. Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to it. Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes is largely preventable with lifestyle changes.
How common is diabetes in children?
India has the The second largest number of children with type 1 diabetes in the world.. According to the International Diabetes Federation, around 128,500 Indian children and adolescents under 20 years of age They live with type 1 diabetes, a number that is expected to increase. While type 1 diabetes remains the most common form of diabetes in children, the rise in type 2 diabetes among young people is concerning. Data shows that type 2 diabetes is now being diagnosed in Indian children as young as ten, a trend largely driven by urbanization, dietary changes and reduced physical activity.
India’s National Institute of Nutrition has highlighted that childhood obesity, a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, is also increasing, especially in metropolitan areas. According to a recent survey, Currently, 14% of children in urban schools in India are considered overweight or obese.. With the combination of increasing childhood obesity and changes in diets, the incidence of type 2 diabetes in young people is likely to continue to rise unless important lifestyle interventions are made.
Key risk factors for diabetes in children
type 1 diabetes It is largely genetic, and risks increase if a parent or sibling has the condition. Additionally, environmental factors such as viral infections are thought to trigger the autoimmune response that leads to type 1 diabetes, although the exact cause is still unclear.
type 2 diabetesHowever, it is associated with various environmental and lifestyle factors, including obesity, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and family history.
Symptoms of diabetes in children
It all starts with identifying the symptoms. Common symptoms of diabetes in children include:
- Increased thirst and urination.
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue and irritability
- Blurred vision:
How to prevent diabetes in children
While type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, there are effective ways to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in children. Here are some practical tips:
Encourage physical activity:
Regular exercise helps the body use insulin efficiently and maintain a healthy weight. Children should aspire to at least 60 minutes of activity per day.which can include anything from sports to active games.
Promote a balanced diet:
A diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits and lean proteins is key. Avoiding excess sugars and processed foods helps maintain a stable blood sugar level. Teaching children to choose healthier foods from an early age lays the foundation for a lifetime of good habits.
Limit screen time:
Excessive screen time is linked to sedentary behaviors and weight gain. Setting limits on screen time encourages children to engage in more physical activity.
Ensure periodic checks:
Routine health exams can help identify early signs of diabetes or other health problems. Blood glucose testing, especially in children with a family history of diabetes, is essential.
Final thoughts
Diabetes in children is a growing concern; However, with the right approach, many cases can be prevented or effectively controlled. It is essential to understand risk factors and encourage healthy lifestyle choices from a young age. On this World Diabetes Day, let us strive to raise awareness and do what is essential to prevent and manage diabetes.
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